Asperger's Syndrome vs. Autism

Do you find people mentioning Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Asperger's syndrome in the same breath?

Once, ASD was considered to be different from Asperger's syndrome. However, today, a diagnosis of Asperger's does not exist. The symptoms and signs that once were a part of Asperger's are now a part of ASD.

 

Historical differences are present between the terms autism and Asperger's. However, it is worth knowing what exactly Asperger's is and why it is now a part of ASD.

ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorder)

All autistic children do not show the same signs, and neither do they experience these signs at the same level. Therefore, autism is considered on a spectrum. A wide range of experiences and behaviors fall under this diagnosis.

Given below is a brief description of behaviors that might cause a child to be diagnosed with autism—

• Differences in problem-solving approach and learning styles—quickly learning difficult topics but having a problem with mastering simple physical tasks
• Sustained and deep special interests
• Differences in processing of sensory experiences—for instance, sound or touch
• Maintaining order or routines—wanting to keep things a certain way or, having the same schedule every day
• Repetitive behaviors or movements—for instance, rocking or flapping hands
• Difficulty processing or participating in interactive social contexts—waving back at someone who has waved at them
• Difficulty processing or producing non-verbal or verbal communication—not being able to express emotions or putting feelings into thoughts

Asperger's Syndrome

Asperger's syndrome was once considered a high-functioning form of autism.

Asperger's was introduced in 1994 into the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM).

This addition in the DSM occurred because English psychiatrist Lorna Wing had translated Austrian physician Hans Asperger's work and realized that there are distinct characteristics in autistic children than those mentioned in Asperger's research.

Given below is a brief description of behaviors that might cause a child to be diagnosed with Asperger's—

• Having difficulty understanding non-verbal and verbal communication like sarcasm or making eye contact
• Having almost none or very few social relationships
• Showing almost no response to emotional or social experiences
• Lacking interest in taking part in interests or activities with others
• Repetitive movements or behaviors
• Adhering to strict ritual behaviors or routines
• Sustained interest in a particular topic or very few topics
• Intense interest in some objects or aspects
• Experiencing difficulty in maintaining jobs, relationships, or other common aspects

From the year 2013, Asperger's has been considered a part of the autism spectrum and is not diagnosed as a separate condition.

Difference between Asperger's and Autism

Asperger's and Autism are not considered separate diagnoses now. People who formerly received Asperger's diagnosis now receive an autism diagnosis. The only main difference between these diagnoses is that persons with Asperger's might be considered passing off as neurotypical easily with just mild symptoms and signs that resemble autism.

Treatment Options for Asperger's and Autism

Both of these medical conditions are not ones that need to be "treated." However, some people do debate that there is a need for medication for autism.

Also mentioned below are some of the treatment options that can be considered if you think that treatment is necessary—

• Medications for obsessive-compulsive disorder or anxiety
• Dietary supplements or modification
• Speech-language therapy
• Psychological therapy like cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)

Final Words

The most important thing to know is that you need to accept and love yourself or any person with either of these conditions. Understand the symptoms and the treatment options available so that you are best prepared to handle everything that comes your way.